Milled in Versus Round Bar for Mini-implant Retained Mandibular Overdentures

Inclusion Criteria: * Completely edentulous maxillary and mandibular residual alveolar ridges covered with healthy mucosa without any remaining roots or local inflammation as detected by digital panoramic x-ray and clinical examination.. Anterior mandibular bone length was sufficient to allow proper implant placement as assessed by digital panoramic radiograph. Patients were of class I Angel's maxillo-mandibular relation with at least 22mm of restorative space allow for bar construction as detected by tentative jaw relation, and good bone quality (classes 1 to 3 according to Lekholm and Zarb). Exclusion Criteria: * Participants with diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, immunological dysfunction, anticoagulant medication, radiation to the head and neck region, smoking habits ,and systemic diseases that interfere with implants osseointegration were excluded from the study