Today, osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a whole-organ disease that is amenable to prevention and treatment in the early stages. Information on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone responses to exercise may help to develop safe and feasible exercise programs which can potentially improve cartilage and bone properties. Therefore, the goal of this study is to produce the knowledge needed to understand what effects multicomponent exercise regimen have on subchondral bone and articular cartilage of the knee joint in postmenopausal women with knee OA. Participants will be randomized into either: 1. Intervention group, which conducts multicomponent exercise regimen including alternating step-aerobic and resistance training. 2. Reference group, which represents the standard rehabilitative management for knee OA patients with home exercises. Researchers will compare intervention and reference groups to see if subchondral bone morphology and properties and cartilage biochemical alterations differ between the groups at the end of the 8-month intervention and 12-month follow-up period.
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Tibiofemoral articular cartilage's glycosaminoglycan content
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral articular cartilage's collagen content and orientation
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral articular cartilage thickness (mm)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral articular cartilage volume (mm^3)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral subchondral bone mineral density (g/cm^3)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral subchondral bone mineral content (g)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months
Tibiofemoral joint space narrowing (mm)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 months, 20 months