This is a single-arm, two-visit, non-randomized, cross sectional study identified as an intervention due to the use of a single bout of aerobic exercise to assess cerebrovascular function under the NIH rules. This study is not masked and its primary purpose is to develop a basic science understanding of the relationship between cerebrovascular health and balance control with aging. This study will involve 102 individuals classified as younger adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults who are neurotypical and cognitively normal. The primary outcome from a clinical trials perspective will be cerebrovascular response to a bout of aerobic exercise (i.e. change in cerebral blood flow with the performance of aerobic exercise on a recumbent stepper exercise machine). Non-interventional outcomes will be EEG measures of cortical activity and biomechanical kinetic and kinematic data recorded during standing balance reactions, as well as biological blood samples for genomic analysis.
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cerebral blood flow velocity assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound
Timeframe: 1 week
Kinetic center of pressure rate of rise post-balance perturbation, assessed biomechanically.
Timeframe: 1 week
Prefrontal-M1 coherence an S1-M1 coherence post-balance perturbation, assessed using EEG
Timeframe: 1 week