Effect of Intranasal Midazolam Versus Ketamine Midazolam Combination as a Premedication on the Occurrence of Postoperative Respiratory Adverse Events

Inclusion Criteria: * Children both sexes male and female. * Age from 3 to 12 years old. * ASA grade I, II. * undergoing elective AT procedures. Exclusion Criteria: * Congenital heart diseases (cyanotic and a cyanotic). * Congenital syndromes affecting airway anatomy such as Pierre-Robin syndrome and Down syndrome. * Severe lung diseases affecting either lung tissue such as pulmonary cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or affecting lung circulation such as pulmonary hypertension with marked limitation of Physical activity or inability to carry out any physical activity according to NHYA classification. * Recent upper respiratory tract infection (less than two weeks). * Neuromuscular diseases including cerebral palsy and epilepsy.