Pulmonary Function Tests Study in Cirrhotic Patients With and Without Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Plain-language summary

Cirrhosis is a terminal image of chronic liver disease. During the progression from the compensation period to the decompensation period, various complications occur, and the life prognosis is significantly reduced. In recent years, medical treatment for liver cirrhosis has made marked progress. Liver cirrhosis may occur as an end result of manifold infectious, toxic, metabolic, or autoimmune conditions such as viral hepatitis, alcoholism, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), or a variety of storage disorders such as hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a universal problem and its epidemiological data showed variation from place to place. HCC represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide. In Egypt, it represents the fourth common cancer. Egypt ranks the third and 15th most populous country in Africa and worldwide, respectively. HCC is a commonly diagnosed cancer in males and females. It can lead to multi-organ failure including the respiratory system. Pulmonary function tests (PFTS) are important as an investigation and monitoring of patients with respiratory pathology. They provide important information relating to the large and small airways, the pulmonary parenchyma, and the size and integrity of the pulmonary capillary bed. Although they do not provide a definite diagnosis, different patterns of abnormalities are seen in different respiratory diseases which help to establish the diagnosis.

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