Perioperative anesthesiologists can benefit from easily obtainable hemodynamic variables detecting or quantifying the lack of an adequate compensatory capacity of the cardiovascular system in order to optimize patient management and improve patient outcomes. Parameters of the Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM; Vygon, Padua, Italy) of the MostCare system, specifically cardiac cycle efficiency has been proposed as such variables. Yet, their value in anesthesia and especially in hypertensive patients is not studied. The goal of the PRAM-in-HYPO study is to prospectively evaluate the relationship between cardiac reserve and efficiency and cardiovascular risk factors in patients wo will undergo major surgical procedures using the state-of-the-art hemodynamic monitors. Also the investigators aim to build a predictive model to identify patients with decreased cardiac reserve due to hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors, who are susceptible to post-induction hypotension. The investigators seek to include high-risk patients or patients presenting for major surgery, who are monitored with an advanced hemodynamic monitor to adequately evaluate the differences in cardiac reserve and cardiac efficiency.
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Difference of mean CCE, dP/dt, SVI, CPI, Ea by hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Timeframe: From the start of surgery until the end of surgery
Difference of mean CCE, dP/dt, SVI, CPI, Ea at the 30th second of passive leg raising by hypertension and diabetes mellitus
Timeframe: From the start of passive leg raising test until the end of the test