The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine, which are administered intravenously during surgery, on the levels of malondialdehyde, an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 enzyme levels and C-reactive protein levels in patients who underwent lower extremity surgery under combined spinal epidural anesthesia.
Who can participate
Age range18 Years – 65 Years
SexALL
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Inclusion Criteria:
* ASA risk classification 1-2
* Patients who agreed to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
* Body mass index (BMI) over 30 kg/m2
* Patients who will use bone cement in the surgical procedure
* Patients who will apply a tourniquet to the lower extremity
* Patients with vascular and coronary disease
* Patients with coagulation disorders that would prevent the application of CSEA
* Patients with allergies to the drugs to be used in the study
* Patients with increased head and intraocular pressure
* Patients with psychiatric and neuromuscular disorders
* Patients with multiple trauma
* Patients who did not consent to participate in the study