Effect of Concentrated Growth Factors on Healing of Apicomarginal Defects: a Prospective Study

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 years old or above. * Tooth with significant symptoms or with root apex bone tissue destruction that cannot be treated by non-surgical methods. * The affected tooth is either an anterior tooth or a premolar. * The size of the lesion during preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) coronal acquisition is at least 6 mm but not more than 12 mm. * The affected tooth has undergone successful root canal treatment. * CBCT shows intact lingual side bone plate in the apical region, with only buccal alveolar bone defect present. * Good oral hygiene and compliance with medical instructions. Exclusion Criteria: * Severe periodontal destruction, with over 1/3 of the root length absorbed by alveolar bone. * CBCT shows root fracture or root canal perforation. * After root apex surgery, crown-root ratio ≤1:1. * Presence of surgical contraindications, systemic and local factors that affect wound healing. * Pregnant women and females planning to conceive within the next two years.