Cystometry is essential for diagnosis and treatment plans by identifying the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms and objectively evaluating bladder functions in diseases such as neurogenic bladder, voiding dysfunction, and vesicoureteral reflux. Children may experience pain during this invasive procedure of inserting the urethra catheter. Furthermore, infants aged ≥ 6 months may feel pain from an unfamiliar and unnatural environment as they experience stranger anxiety. This experience can have a negative physical and emotional impact on children, and uncooperative behavioral reactions caused by pain can hinder the procedure. In this regard, parental holding is known as effective non-pharmacological procedural pain management in children. Although the International Children's Continence Society has advised performing cystometry while holding the infant as an effective non-pharmacological pain management method, there is insufficient evidence to support this. So, this study aimed to analyze the effect of parental holding on reducing pain in children during cystometry.
Age range
6 Months – 18 Months
Sex
ALL
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Behavioral pain response change measured using the FLACC(Faces, Legs, Activity, Crying, and Consolability) scale between each time point (immediately, 3 min, and 10 min after urethral catheter insertion).
Timeframe: Change from immediately, 3 minutes, and 10 minutes after urethral catheter insertion
Physiological pain responses change measured using oxygen saturation (%/min). Change between each time point (immediately, 3 min, and 10 min after urethral catheter insertion), automatically measured by a Pulse oximeter.
Timeframe: Change from immediately, 3 minutes, and 10 minutes after urethral catheter insertion
Physiological pain responses change measured using heart rate (beats/min) . Change between each time point (immediately, 3 min, and 10 min after urethral catheter insertion), automatically measured by a Pulse oximeter.
Timeframe: Change from immediately, 3 minutes, and 10 minutes after urethral catheter insertion