Depression has been associated with an attention bias towards negative information. Attention bias modification (ABM) interventions explore potential benefits of training attention away from negative or threatening information and towards neutral or positive information. The goal of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an ABM intervention that includes a preceding mindfulness training among a sample of individuals who self-reported mild-to-moderately depression symptoms. The main question this study aims to answer is: • Do individuals who participate in an ABM intervention have a greater reduction in attention bias towards negative information and depressive symptoms when compared to a control group? Participants will be asked to participate in 3 days of brief mindfulness training exercises preceding an ABM intervention session that lasts 1.5 to 2 hours while wearing electroencephalography (EEG) equipment. Researchers will compare the ABM intervention group to a "sham" intervention group to see if the ABM intervention reduces negative attention bias above and beyond brief mindfulness training.
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Amplitude changes (in microvolts) for scalp-recorded event-related potential (ERP) data.
Timeframe: Changes in ERP amplitudes from the baseline attention task to the final attention task on day 3 of the study.
Reaction Time (RT)
Timeframe: Changes in RT from the baseline attention task to the final attention task on day 3 of the study.
Patient Health Questionnaire- 9-item
Timeframe: Change from baseline depression symptoms (day 1 of study) to immediately after the 3-day intervention.
Patient Health Questionnaire- 9-item
Timeframe: Change from baseline depression symptoms (day 1 of study) to 4-weeks post-intervention.
Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-Anhedonic Depression Subscale
Timeframe: Change from baseline anhedonic depression symptoms (day 1 of study) to immediately after the 3-day intervention.
Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-Anhedonic Depression Subscale
Timeframe: Change from baseline anhedonic depression symptoms (day 1 of study) to 4-weeks post-intervention.
Ruminative Responses Scale-8 item
Timeframe: Change from baseline rumination levels (day 1 of study) to immediately after the 3-day intervention.
Ruminative Responses Scale-8 item
Timeframe: Change from baseline rumination levels (day 1 of study) to 4-weeks post-intervention.