Dexmedetomidine Versus General Anesthesia on the Diagnosis of Endobronchial US-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Inclusion Criteria: * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification II or III a requiring EBUS-TBNA based on suspicion of either benign or malignant disease in mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes (LNs) or masses or requiring EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal staging of lung cancer. Exclusion Criteria: * Suspected need for additional procedures other than EBUS-TBNA during planned bronchoscopy (e.g., need for navigational bronchoscopy, endobronchial biopsies, and therapeutic bronchoscopy) * body mass index \> 35 kg/m2 * allergies to any of the involved sedatives or anesthetic agents * comorbidities contraindicating the EBUS procedure * pregnancy