Ambulatory Liver Fat Monitoring in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * patients with known NAFLD (diagnosed by ultrasonography or other forms of imaging; transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter \>248 dB/m; or liver biopsy) who are managed in the Liver Clinics of Queen Mary Hospital or Tung Wah Hospital * aged 18-65 years * without major cognitive impairment - since these subjects would be given simple instructions on using the ambulatory device to measure liver fat at home by themselves Exclusion Criteria: * on SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, or thiazolidinediones due to their prominent effects on body weight changes * patients with cirrhosis (defined by imaging features of nodular liver and evidence of portal hypertension, liver stiffness \>13 kPa, endoscopically proven gastroesophageal varices, or histological features), with or without ascites * patients who are pregnant * patients on special diet or with special dietary requirement (e.g., vegan, gluten free) heavy alcohol use (≥20 grams/ day for women or ≥30 grams/ day for men) * history of HCC, hepatic resection, or LT * patients with damaged skin on the abdomen, as this will affect the assessment by the ambulatory liver fat device * patients with implanted electronic devices * patients with spinal diseases/ discomfort * patients with metallic implants