The goal of this clinical trial is to test if a mindfulness-enhanced positive affect induction (MPAI) works well to reduce pain intensity and pain unpleasantness from a cold water pain test in undergraduate college students who do not endorse ongoing medical or mental health diagnoses. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is the MPAI a feasible and acceptable psychological technique for managing brief pain? * Does the MPAI work well to reduce pain intensity and unpleasantness from experimentally induced brief pain, compared to those using a breathing meditation or those instructed to respond naturally. * Does using the MPAI work well to improve confidence in self-managing brief pain? Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires about their sleep, pain beliefs, and emotions after consenting to participate and at the end of the study session. They will then be randomized to either: * Use the MPAI for managing pain induced by a cold water test (placing their hand in a container of cold water kept at approximately 5 degrees Celsius). * Use a breathing meditation for managing pain induced by a cold water test (placing their hand in a container of cold water kept at approximately 5 degrees Celsius). * Respond naturally to pain induced by a cold water test (placing their hand in a container of cold water kept at approximately 5 degrees Celsius). Researchers will compare the MPAI group to the breathing meditation and natural response groups to see if the MPAI group reports less pain from the cold water test and
Age range
18 Years – 65 Years
Sex
ALL
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A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Pain Tolerance, assessed by duration of CPT
Timeframe: Pain tolerance, assessed by duration of the CPT, will be recorded immediately after the intervention (i.e., the CPT), during the post-CPT survey set
Pain Intensity, assessed by VAS
Timeframe: Pain intensity will be collected immediately after the intervention (i.e., the CPT) during the post-CPT survey set.
Pain Unpleasantness, assessed by VAS
Timeframe: Pain unpleasantness will be collected immediately after the intervention (i.e., the CPT) during the post-CPT survey set.
Feasibility beliefs of MPAI as implementable and efficacious for pain management, assessed by three PBQ items
Timeframe: Feasibility measures (i.e., the PBQ) will be collected immediately after the intervention (i.e., the CPT) during the post-CPT survey set.
Acceptability of MPAI as a technique for reducing pain, assessed by six questions on satisfaction and usefulness of the MPAI
Timeframe: Acceptability questions will be assessed immediately after the intervention (i.e., the CPT) during the post-CPT survey set.
Self-Efficacy in Pain Management assessed by change in Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) total scores
Timeframe: Self-efficacy in pain management, assessed by change in PBQ total scores will be assessed during the baseline survey set and the post-CPT survey set (i.e., immediately after the intervention)