Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anemia Post-delivery

Inclusion Criteria: * Established pregnancy ≥28 weeks gestational age by last menstrual period and/or clinical assessment and/or ultrasonography * Age: 18 years (or lower limit age eligible\*) to 49 years * Confirmed moderate anemia (Hb 7.0 to 9.9 g/dL, 6-48 hour after delivery based on a venous blood sample on Hemocue®) * Deliver in participating study hospital or health facility * Able to provide informed consent * Plans to remain in study area for at least 6 months postpartum Exclusion Criteria: * IV Iron infusion received in past 3 weeks * Prior reaction to IV iron or oral iron or folic acid * Contraindication to iron supplementation (some examples may include severe allergic states including asthma, hemolytic anemia, allergy, or severe infection) * Blood transfusion already received or scheduled during the current hospital admission * Known diagnosis of pre-existing depression or other psychiatric illness * Major congenital anomaly prior to randomization * Stillbirth or neonatal loss prior to randomization * Presenting with symptomatic anemia with dyspnea or fatigue and need for immediate correction * Known hemoglobinopathy (sickle cell disease or thalassemia) * Positive malaria RDT prior to randomization (sub-Saharan African sites only) * Any illness/condition requiring immediate medical care per physician's assessment