Buccal Acupuncture for Delirium Treatment in Older Patients Recovering From Orthopedic Surgery

Inclusion criteria: * Aged ≥65 years, but \<90 years. * After knee or hip replacement surgery. * Diagnosed with delirium in the morning of enrollment. Exclusion criteria: * Refuse to participate in the study. * Presence of any contraindications to acupuncture, such as puncture site infections or platelet count ≤20×10\^9/L. * Preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis. * Inability to communicate due to coma, profound dementia, or language barrier, or inability to cooperate with treatment due to agitation. * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grade ≥V, or estimated survival ≤24 h.