An early parent-child relationship is important for a child's development, both intellectually and socially. The admission of premature or ill newborns to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may make the establishment of the parent-child relationship challenging due to parents' anxiety and despair. Traditionally, most healthcare professionals have mainly focused on infants and mothers, even though fathers often feel stressed, powerless, and helpless, and find it difficult to establish a father-child relationship. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a father-friendly NICU on infants, parents and staff.
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Stress (The Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)
Timeframe: Measured on admission to the NICU (during the first 3 days of hospitalization), at the 14th day of hospitalization , and at the day of discharge from the NICU (up to 1/2 year)
Parental Support (The Nurse Parent Support Tool)
Timeframe: Measured on admission to the NICU (during the first 3 days of hospitalization), and at the day of discharge from the NICU (up to 1/2 year)
Nurses self-efficacy (Self-efficacy (SE))
Timeframe: Before the start of the development of the intervention (August 2011) till 18 months after the implementation of the intervention (January 2015)
Self-efficacy follow-up
Timeframe: After the implementation of the intervention (January 2015) to five years after (February 2021).