PMS Promotes the Recovery of Patients After Heart Valve Replacement

Inclusion Criteria: * Moderate to severe congestive heart failure (CHF) (NYHA functional class III to IV) * Patients with heart valve diseases undergoing CPB cardiac surgery * Age \> 18 years and ≤ 70 years Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with severe low left ventricular function: LVEF ≤ 30% * Patients with infective endocarditis * Have received major gastrointestinal surgery (including gallbladder and appendectomy) within 5 years * Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, or colitis * Acute gastroenteritis * Clostridium difficile or Helicobacter pylori infection * Chronic constipation * Peptic ulcer * Polyps in the stomach or intestines * Gastrointestinal neoplasms * Abdominal hernia * Irritable bowel syndrome * Acute or chronic cholecystitis, hepatitis * Used antibiotics and probiotics in the past 1 month * Patients used antidiarrheals, laxatives, or prebiotics within 1 week * Pregnant or pregnant during follow-up * Failure to give informed consent (e.g. severe cognitive impairment) * The patient has been enrolled in other ongoing clinical trials