Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with common gut-related symptoms, which are attributed to alterations in the gut microbiome - the collection of microorganisms that live within the gut. Classical ketogenic diets (KD) have shown to be beneficial in PD and non-PD populations but are associated with alterations in the gut microbiome that are characteristic of a perturbed system. This study aims to investigate the safety of modified Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions that are thought to be safer alternatives to the classical KD, as it relates to the gut microbiome health in patients with PD. We hypothesize that the modified Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions will not be associated with any significant perturbation of the gut microbiome in PD patients.
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Change from baseline and difference across interventions in measures of fecal and serum calprotectin, a biomarker for gut inflammation.
Timeframe: Preintervention 1 (Baseline 1)/ Post-intervention 1 (Week 8)/ Pre-intervention 2 (baseline 2; Week 16)/ Post-intervention 2 (Week 24)
Changes from baseline and differences across interventions in other measures of gut health, namely short-chain fatty acid production, gut-barrier integrity, and microbial composition.
Timeframe: Preintervention 1 (Baseline 1)/ Post-intervention 1 (Week 8)/ Pre-intervention 2 (baseline 2; Week 16)/ Post-intervention 2 (Week 24)