Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms which are triggered by gluten ingestion in the absence of celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy. In the last years studies suggested that wheat components other than gluten can be responsible of symptom's triggering, thus the term "non-celiac wheat sensitivity" (NCWS) has been proposed as a more appropriate label. To date, different pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed, but no conclusive data have been reported; among these, some study groups a possible role of innate immunity and of Natural Killer (NK) cells. KIR (Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors) regulate the activation of NK cells through their interaction with Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA). Both KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic, and, in the case of KIR, two main haplotypes have been identified: A and B. Haplotype A is the simplest and correlates mainly with NK inhibition, while haplotype B has a variable number of genes, most of which activate NK cells. The investigators hypothesis is that the genetic variants of KIR, which define the haplotype "inhibitor" or "activator", can affect the development and the course of NCWS too. Thus, the researchers aimed to:1. Identify putative KIR genetic variants in NCWS patients (50 subjects) respect to celiac disease patients (50 subjects) and blood donors (50 subjects); 2. Evaluate the possible association of KIR genetic variants with specific clinical manifestations of patients with NCWS.
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KIR genetic variants in NCWS patients respect to CD patients and blood donors
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Association between KIR genetic variants and clinical manifestation of NCWS patients
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Association between KIR genetic variants and associated autoimmune diseases of NCWS patients
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Association between KIR genetic variants and coexistent other food allergies/intolerances of NCWS patients
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Association between KIR genetic variants and HLA DQ2-DQ8 genotypes of NCWS patients.
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Association between KIR genetic variants and duodenal histology of NCWS patients.
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 1 year