Atherosclerotic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. An interaction between the development of atherosclerotic diseases and the oral and enteral microbiome composition has already been demonstrated in the past. The microbiome is a double-edged sword which can convey protective and detrimental cardiovascular effects. While it can promote the development of atherosclerosis through the production of atherogenic metabolites such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) it can also generate a protective effect through the production of metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Preliminary data suggest that atherosclerotic disease itself can induce a dysbiosis of the microbiome. Aim of this study is to determine the differences in coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial disease on the oral-enteral microbiome axis and downstream microbiome-dependent metabolites.
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Change of enteral microbiome composition after presentation with ACS/CCS/CLI
Timeframe: Sampling will be performed within 24 hours of presentation to the clinic, at day 3, day 7, day 14 and at day 28 (+/- 2 days) after initial presentation.
Change of oral microbiome composition after presentation with ACS/CCS/CLI
Timeframe: Sampling will be performed within 24 hours of presentation to the clinic, at day 3, day 7, day 14 and at day 28 (+/- 2 days) after initial presentation.