The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oral ketone ester administration on sleep architecture. To investigate this, the investigators use a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over research design. The study comprises three experimental sessions, each separated by a one-week washout period. Two of the three experimental sessions consist of a 120 minutes cycling endurance training session (ET) two hours after breakfast and an evening high-intensity-interval training (HIIT) ending one hour before bedtime. After each training session, and 30 minutes before sleeptime, subjects receive a ketone ester or a control drink . To investigate the effects of strenuous exercise on sleep alone, an additional experimental session without exercise is added. Before bedtime, a venous blood sample is taken to evaluate hormones playing an important role in sleep regulation. During the experimental sessions, the subjects sleep in a sleep facility to evaluate quality of sleep. Time spent in different sleep phases is measured via polysomnography (PSG). Urine output throughout the day and night will be collected for measurement of urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline as an index of intrinsic sympathetic activity.
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Total sleep time
Timeframe: Between each condition, interspersed each time with a one-week wash-out period (The total duration of the measurements is two weeks)
Urinary nocturnal adrenaline excretion
Timeframe: Between each condition, interspersed each time with a one-week wash-out period (The total duration of the measurements is two weeks)
Urinary nocturnal noradrenaline excretion
Timeframe: Between each condition, interspersed each time with a one-week wash-out period (The total duration of the measurements is two weeks)