Gut Permeability-related Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Normal-weight and Metabolically Healthy Obesity

Inclusion Criteria: * Control group: normal BMI, body fat percentage \< 25% for men and \< 35% for women, \< 1 of the following: blood pressure \>130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose \>100 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides \>150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol \< 40 mg/dL (men) or \< 50 mg/dL (women). * Normal-weight obesity group: normal BMI, body fat percentage \> 25% for men and \> 35% for women. * Metabolically healthy obesity: BMI \> 30, body fat percentage \> 25% for men and \> 35% for women, and \< 1 of the following: blood pressure \>130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose \>100 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides \>150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol \< 40 mg/dL (men) or \< 50 mg/dL (women). * Metabolic syndrome group: BMI \> 30, body fat percentage \> 25% for men and \> 35% for women, and 2 or more of the following: blood pressure \>130/85 mmHg, fasting glucose \>100 mg/dL, fasting triglycerides \>150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol \< 40 mg/dL (men) or \< 50 mg/dL (women). Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of pacemaker * Pregnant * Cardiometabolic disease (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease) * Disease that is inflammatory in nature (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) * Postmenopausal status * Use of tobacco products * Using illicit drugs * Using lipid lowering drugs