An Observational Prospective Cohort Study for Long-term Management of Hyperkalemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease or Heart Failure

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with hyperkalemia who meet the following criteria: 1\) Being treated with potassium binders for hyperkalemia at the time of enrolment, and having started receiving potassium binders within 6 months before enrolment * Having been diagnosed as CKD (≥stage 3b) or HF diagnosed by investigators, and as defined below: 1\) CKD is diagnosed based on the CKD guidelines issued by the Japanese Society of Nephrologyxxix as being either or both of condition 1 and 2 for ≥3 months 1-i) Clear signs of kidney impairment based on the results of urinalysis, imaging, blood test, or biopsy. Presence of proteinuria, especially more than 0.15 g/gCr (albuminuria more than 30 mg/gCr). 1-ii) GFR \<45 mL/min/1.73m2 2\) Patients with HFwill be enrolled if patients meet following criteria: 2-i) NYHA class II-IV, within 6 months 2-ii) Patients with a diagnosis or history of heart failure, hospitalization, and laboratory records of any of the following; NT-proBNP≥400 pg/ml or BNP≥100 pg/ml, or pathological findings such as abnormal cardiac function by UCG/CT/MRI/catheterization/nuclear medicine examination * Provision of signed, written, and detailed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Currently on any chronic RRT (including hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis \>30 days, or kidney transplant) within 6 months before enrolment * Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI)\* within 6 months before enrolment * Patients with acute heart failure within 3 months bef…