Evaluation on the Effect of Acupuncture and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Mechanical Ventilation Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Prolonged mechanical ventilation duration (\>72 h) * stable oxygen saturation, fraction of inspired oxygen≤55%, and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)≤8 cmH2O * dose of dopamine\<10 μg/kg/min and dose of epinephrine\<0.4 μg/kg/min; * mean arterial pressure\>75 mmHg and urine output\>1 mL/kg/h * good healing of the incision after surgery; * normal cognitive function * no history of chronic mental illness or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to perform physical activities * long-term MV prior to admission * neurological comorbidities involving muscles * irreversible disorders with a 6-month mortality rate of\>50% according to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHEII) * unsound limbs or unstable fractures * administration of glucocorticoids (prednisone or other corticosteroid dose equivalents\>20 mg/day) for at least 20 days prior to admission * cardiopulmonary resuscitation before admission to the ICU * radiotherapy or chemotherapy within the previous 6 months * presence of comorbidities, including acute myocarditis, deep venous thrombosis/embolism, and cerebrovascular accident * Patients with implanted pacemakers or defibrillators * Pregnancy and lactation patients * Patients with active bleeding or bleeding tendency * Skin infection or injury at the acupuncture site