Comparison Between Tailored Surgery Versus Total Mesorectal Excision in ycT2-3N0M0

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum (AV≤5cm) * Clinical ycT2-3N0 based on MRI after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (including long/short-course chemoradiotherapy, total neoadjuvant therapy etc…) * No evidence of distant metastases * No prior pelvic radiation therapy * No prior chemotherapy or surgery for rectal cancer * Age 18 to 80 years * No active infections requiring systemic antibiotic treatment (oral antibiotics are acceptable at the discretion of the treating physician) * Women with childbearing potential who are negative for pregnancy test (urine or blood) and who agree to use effective contraceptive method. A woman of childbearing potential is defined of one who is biologically capable of becoming pregnant. Reliable contraception should be used from trial screening and must be continued throughout the study. * Patients must read, agree to, and sign a statement of Informed Consent prior to participation in this study. Patients who do not read or understand Korean are eligible and may be consented according to institutional and federal regulations. * Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dl (after correction for simple iron deficiency anemia), White blood cells ≥ 4,000/mm3, Platelets ≥ 100,000/mm3, Creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dl * No significant dysfunction in the heart or lungs: When it is judged that the risk related to surgery due to functional impairment is not high during consultation treatment Exclusion Criteria: * Metastasis to the liv…