The purpose of this study is to prospectively compare the effectiveness of a novel personalized approach to the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, drug induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) directed surgery versus the standard adenotonsillectomy (AT). This will also serve to test the feasibility of recruiting families for a future randomized protocol comparing the same surgical techniques. It is the investigators' central hypothesis that a personalized DISE-directed surgical approach that uses existing procedures to address the specific fixed and dynamic anatomic features causing obstruction (ie, anatomic endotypes) in each child with small tonsils or Down syndrome will be superior to the currently recommended standard first line approach of AT. This novel approach may improve OSA outcomes and reduce the burden of unnecessary AT or secondary surgery for persistent OSA after an ineffective AT. To test this hypothesis, the investigators will study children aged 2 to 18 years with clinically small tonsils (Brodsky score 1+ or 2+ on a scale 1+ to 4+) OR Down syndrome.
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Change in Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), a generic quality of life scale
Timeframe: 6 months post-surgery
Parent-reported ease of participation
Timeframe: 6 months post-surgery
Parent-reported barriers to recruitment
Timeframe: Initial visit
Change in Obstructive Sleep Apnea -18 (OSA-18): disease-specific quality of life survey
Timeframe: 6 months post-surgery
Parent-reported barriers to recruitment
Timeframe: 6 months post-surgery