The goals of this study are: 1. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of nitric oxide by measuring glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) before and after surgery. GFAP will be analyzed via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Patients will also be monitored post-operatively for delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU). 2. To evaluate the renal protective effect of nitric oxide by measuring neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) before and after surgery. NGAL will also be analyzed via an ELISA kit. Patient creatinine will be monitored post-operatively. 3. To evaluate effect of nitric oxide on other ICU outcomes (invasive mechanical ventilation, days to extubation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and blood product administration).
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Level of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)
Timeframe: baseline to peak rewarming temperature of blood (approximately 3 hours)
Level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)
Timeframe: baseline to 2 hours after CPB initiation (approximately 2 hours)