The glycocalyx is a dynamic and complex biochemical structure composed of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and soluble proteins. The glycocalyx interacts with various proteins such as albumin and orosomucoid to form a thick surface layer on the vessel surface that is physiologically active. This is called the endothelial surface layer. This structure is constantly changing with the blood flowing in the vein. The glycocalyx regulates oncotic pressure and also prevents leukocyte and platelet adhesion to the endothelium. Endothelial cell dysfunction is a valuable marker of increased vascular permeability and impaired angiogenesis due to cardiovascular, thoracic, renal, and metabolic diseases.
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glycocalyx components
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