General anesthesia is a combination of hypnotic drugs and opioid analgesics. Modern general anesthesia aims to treat nociception induced by surgical stimulation while avoiding an overdose of opioid analgesics and reducing side-effects of opioid administration. Quality and safety of general anesthesia are of major clinical importance and can be improved by adjusting the opioid analgesics to the optimal individual dose needed. In the current clinical practice, the opioid dosage is usually chosen by clinical judgment, though recently different monitoring devices estimating the effect of nociception during unconsciousness have become commercially available. Nevertheless, the impact of nociception-monitor-guided opioid administration on the administered amount of opioid, postoperative short-term recovery, and long-term outcome is inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the predictive power of different nociception monitoring systems for the prediction of moderate to severe immediate postoperative pain from nociception indices measured before awakening from general anesthesia.
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Primary endpoint will be the diagnostic accuracy (ROC analysis) of the nociception indices after the end of surgery to predict moderate to severe immediate postoperative pain
Timeframe: Once immediately after arrival in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU)