The Effects of Sodium Phenylbutyrate on Circulating Branched Chain Amino Acids

Inclusion Criteria: * • Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study * Not currently taking any medications * Males between the ages of 18 - 60 * BMI ≥ 30 kg·m2 * FBG ≥ 6 mmol/L ≤ 7mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol 48 ≤ mmol/mol Exclusion Criteria: * • Specify any diseases/disorders/ conditions that would preclude entry into the study * Females * History or current psychiatric illness * History or current neurological condition (e.g. epilepsy) * Having taken part in a research study in the last 3 months involving invasive procedures or an inconvenience allowance (this must remain for ALL UoN FMHS UREC approved studies) * A BMI \< 30kg·m2 * FBG \>7mmol/L/ or HbA1c \>48mmol/mol * Metabolic disease; Active inflammatory bowel disease * Chronic kidney disease * Malignancy * Recent (6 mo) steroid/ hormone therapy * Clotting dysfunction * Musculoskeletal/ neurological disorders * Active cardiovascular disease or recent cardiac event * Respiratory disease (not including well-controlled asthma)