The neurosurgical standard of care for treating a patient with a tumor invading hand primary motor cortex (M1) includes performing a craniotomy with intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES) mapping and to resect as much tumor as possible without a resultant permanent neurological deficit. However, the subjective nature of current intraoperative hand motor assessments do not offer a comprehensive understanding of how hand strength and function may be impacted by resection. Additionally, there is a paucity of data to inform how altering DES parameters may effect motor mapping. Here, the investigators seek to demonstrate a feasible, standardized protocol to quantitatively assess hand strength and function and systematically assess several stimulation parameters to improve intraoperative measurements and better understand how cortical stimulation interacts with underlying neural function.
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Change in Hand strength - Manual Motor Scale (0-5)
Timeframe: Pre-op, intra-op, 1 week post-op and 3 months post-op; 2 visits 3 weeks apart for healthy volunteers
Change in Hand strength - Dynamometer grip and pinch strength (Newtons)
Timeframe: Pre-op, intra-op, 1 week post-op and 3 months post-op; 2 visits 3 weeks apart for healthy volunteers
Chang in Hand function (Velocity)
Timeframe: Pre-op, intra-op, 1 week post-op and 3 months post-op; 2 visits 3 weeks apart for healthy volunteers
Chang in Hand function (Finger Individuation)
Timeframe: Pre-op, intra-op, 1 week post-op and 3 months post-op; 2 visits 3 weeks apart for healthy volunteers
Chang in Hand function (Smoothness)
Timeframe: Pre-op, intra-op, 1 week post-op and 3 months post-op; 2 visits 3 weeks apart for healthy volunteers