Low Tidal Volume Ventilation With Hyperoxia Avoidance During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (The FOCUS Trial)

Inclusion Criteria: * \>18 years of age * Male and female patients undergoing elective cardiac surgeries requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Exclusion Criteria: Emergency surgeries, surgeries requiring lung isolation and one-lung ventilation (OLV), heart or lung transplants, and mechanical circulatory support device implantation pulmonary thrombendarterectomies. * Surgeries requiring one-lung ventilation will be excluded because of the inability to employ study intervention and the differential treatment of the lungs likely confounding any potential effect from the planned intervention. * Lung transplant surgeries will be excluded for similar reasons as well as other confounding effects affecting the primary composite outcome. * Heart transplants and mechanical circulatory support device implantation surgeries will be excluded because these patients already receive intervention as part of the institutional protocol at the primary study site.