This prospective randomized controlled study is aimed to determine the advantages of thoracic epidural analgesia for open upper abdominal surgery in combination with multimodal analgesia compared with no thoracic epidural analgesia on postoperative pain control. The primary outcome is total opioid consumption in postoperative 72 hours. Secondary outcomes are the success of continuous epidural analgesia or complications of this technique, pain intensity, morbidity and mortality compare to no continuous epidural analgesia.
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Amount of postoperative opioid consumption
Timeframe: postoperative 24 hours
Amount of postoperative opioid consumption
Timeframe: postoperative 48 hours
Amount of postoperative opioid consumption
Timeframe: postoperative 72 hours