Feasibility of Tracheobronchial Reconstruction Using Bioengineered Aortic Matrices

Inclusion criteria: * Patients with advanced benign or malignant lesions involving trachea or bronchi, and has failed conventional treatment. * Patients with proximal pulmonary tumors that require surgical resection and has involved proximal airways which is indicated for a pneumonectomy, sleeve lobectomy, or carina resection. Exclusion criteria: * Less than 20-year-old * Unable to obtain informed consent. * Pulmonary tumors that can be treated with standard lobectomy. * Unresectable locally advanced malignant tumors * Malignant tumors with contralateral lymph nodes involvement. * Malignant tumors with distal metastases; except for simple resectable brain metastasis. * Tracheal lesions which can be treated with standard resection and direct anastomosis. * Allergic to iodine * Unable to tolerate standard lobectomy * Has human immunodeficiency virus infection * Tracheal stenosis at proximal 2 cm on upper trachea