The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of beta-blockers on physical function in older adults with heart failure. We will achieve this objective by conducting N-of-1 trials. N-of-1 trials are personalized experiments that test different treatment options in an individual patient.
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Change in Physical Activity When on Beta-blocker Versus When Off Beta-blocker, as Measured by Step Count on Wearable Activity Monitoring Device
Timeframe: The maximum amount of time a subject could have been assessed for this outcome measure is 8-weeks (last 2 weeks of each period for up to 4 periods).
Change in Lower Extremity Function When on Beta-blocker Versus When Off Beta-blocker, as Measured by the Balance Portion of a Modified Version of the Short Physical Performance Battery.
Timeframe: The maximum amount of time a subject could have been assessed for this outcome measure is 24-weeks. This outcome was measured at baseline and at each end of period visit.
Change in Lower Extremity Function When on Beta-blocker Versus When Off Beta-blocker, as Measured by the Gait Speed Portion of a Modified Version of the Short Physical Performance Battery.
Timeframe: The maximum amount of time a subject could have been assessed for this outcome measure is 24-weeks. This outcome was measured at baseline and at each end of period visit.
Change in Lower Extremity Function When on Beta-blocker Versus When Off Beta-blocker, as Measured by the Chair Rise Portion of a Modified Version of the Short Physical Performance Battery.
Timeframe: The maximum amount of time a subject could have been assessed for this outcome measure is 24-weeks. This outcome was measured at baseline and at each end of period visit.
Change in Exercise Capacity When on Beta-blocker Versus When Off Beta-blocker, as Measured by Peak Oxygen Consumption (VO2) During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET)
Timeframe: The maximum amount of time a subject could have been assessed for this outcome measure is 6-weeks. This outcome was measured at the end of the first and second visit.