tAN to Mitigate Withdrawal Behaviors in Neonates

Exclusion criteria

• ✕. Unstable infants or those requiring significant respiratory support.
• ✕. Repeated episodes of autonomic instability (apnea or bradycardia) which are not self-resolving \*
• ✕. Infants \<33weeks gestation at enrollment.
• ✕. Major unrepaired congenital anomalies
• ✕. Cardiomyopathy \*Preterm infants commonly have short periods of shallow or absent breathing or lower heart rate termed apnea and bradycardia, respectively, and most are being treated for these physiologic manifestations of prematurity with caffeine, an effective central stimulant. Infants are on cardiorespiratory monitors through the nursery stay with recording devices to capture events and play them back. However, nearly all of these events are self resolving, meaning the infant resolves the breathing pause or bradycardia on their own. Infants who require repeated episodes of stimulation to come out of these events are defined as unstable. Similarly, infants on significant respiratory support are not stable, and will not be eligible.