Stimulant Medication Effects on Auditory Sensitivity in Teens With ADHD

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria for all: * Participant must be aged 13 to 19 years * Males and females * All ethnicities * All socioeconomic statuses * Normal hearing * English as a primary language Additional inclusion criteria for ADHD group: * Participants must meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), all subtypes, based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) * Stimulant medication with the same drug and dosage for at least 1 year before their enrollment date Exclusion Criteria: * History of any major neurological disorders (e.g. seizures excluding febrile seizure under age 6 years, tumors, brain injury, cerebral palsy, tic disorders) * History of any other major neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. autism spectrum disorder, mood dysregulation), * Presence of pressure equalization tubes in either ear * Documented hearing impairment 20 decibel or higher hearing loss in either ear * Estimated low cognitive function based on the NIH Toolbox Cognition age-corrected scores (\<70) Additional exclusion criteria for the ADHD group * Treatment with any psychotropic medications other than stimulants * Treatment with any ADHD medication other than stimulants (e.g. alpha-agonists, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) Additional exclusion criteria for the control group • Treatment with any psychotropic medication