Bintrafusp Alfa Before Surgery for the Treatment of Untreated Resectable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). If a diagnostic biopsy is available, a pre-treatment biopsy is not required. Patients with a suspected lung cancer are eligible, but pathology must be confirmed prior to initiating treatment on study. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (e.g. small cell lung cancer \[SCLC\], large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, atypical carcinoid, carcinoid) are not eligible. Non-small cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are eligible * Patients with stage I-IIIA disease and IIIB (T3N2 only, and N2 single station), according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition, are eligible for arm A of the study. Patients with stage III, N2 single station, must not have more than one mediastinal lymph node station involved by tumor * All patients must have lymph node evaluation of contralateral stations 2 and/or 4 to exclude N3 disease * The patient must be a suitable candidate for surgery, in the opinion of the treating physician * Predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) \>= 50% * Predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capability test (DLCO) \>= 50% * Signed and dated written informed consent must be provided by the patient prior to admission to the study in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines and to the local * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score 0-1 * Ab…