Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) and paravertebral block (PVB) have been utilized to give perioperative regional anesthesia in the trunk. TEA is technically troublesome in some cases, and is associated with a danger of serious complications, such as epidural hematoma, nerve injury, and hypotension. PVB has the benefit of perception of the needle position using ultrasonography. However, PVB is also additionally connected with a danger of serious complications, such as pneumothorax, hypotension, or nerve injury. Newer approaches to deal with PVB have been the focal point of numerous techniques lately; these methodologies incorporate retrolaminar block (RLB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB)
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Total fentanyl dose.
Timeframe: from induction to end of surgery