This clinical trial is studying the use of different levels of oxygen exposure during and after cardiopulmonary bypass in eligible infants to learn about its safety during heart surgery. In addition to having the various doses of oxygen, participants will also have blood samples, ultrasounds of the head, and brain wave patterns monitored. The hypotheses of this trial are: * that there will be no difference with regards to adverse events between the infants in the normoxia group compared to the infants in the standard of care group * there will be a significant difference in the measured partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) values between the two treatment groups. * the use of normoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the immediate post-operative period will result in clinically significant decrease in oxidative stress as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) after cardiac surgery
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Systemic Oxidative Stress Based on Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours following surgery
Rate of Observed Adverse Events Between the Two Groups
Timeframe: 30 days after surgery
Post-operative Length of Stay
Timeframe: 30 days after surgery
Days Alive and Out of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at 30 Days After Surgery
Timeframe: 30 days after surgery
Composite Outcome of Major Adverse Events
Timeframe: 30 days after surgery
Global Rank Score
Timeframe: 30 days after surgery