Nutritional Intervention and Outcomes in Elderly After Hip Fracture Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥70 years old; * Hospitalized for hip fracture, scheduled to undergo hip-fracture surgery within 48 hours; * Classified as malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition according to the short form mini-nutrition assessment (MNA-SF); * Provide written informed consents. Exclusion Criteria: * Pathological fracture; * History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or myasthenia gravis before surgery; * Unable to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, or language barrier; * Unable to eat due to any disease in the gastrointestinal system; * Severe hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), renal failure (requirement of renal replacement therapy), respiratory failure (requirement of respiratory support), cardiac insufficiency (New York Heart Association classification ≥IV), or American Socisty of Anesthesiologists classification ≥IV; * Preexisting organ injury before surgery (delirium, acute kidney injury, myocardial injury, etc.); * Other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.