Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte disorder encountered in clinical practice. The patient approach, however, is still problematic, above all because hyponatremia is a manifestation correlated to various pathological conditions, with complex etiopathogenesis. Even though some algorithms have been proposed to correctly assess hyponatremia subtype classification and patient volume status, there is no single parameter that has proven to be able alone to perfectly achieve this result.
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Subtype classification of hypotonic hyponatremia according to the overall judgment of the clinical case by the point-of-care clinician
Timeframe: At ED admission
Subtype classification of hypotonic hyponatremia according to the overall judgment of the clinical case by the point-of-care clinician
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Physical Examination (PE) as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Physical Examination (PE) as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) ultrasound evaluation as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) ultrasound evaluation as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Serum creatinine as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Serum urea as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Serum urea / serum creatinine ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Urine sodium as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Urine sodium / urine osmolality ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Urine sodium / plasma osmolality ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Serum NT-proBNP as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Serum NT-proBNP / urine sodium ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At ED admission
Serum creatinine as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Serum urea as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Serum urea / serum creatinine ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Urine sodium as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Urine sodium / urine osmolality ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Urine sodium / plasma osmolality ratio as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Plasma renin activity (PRA) as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission
Uric acid as a tool for the assessment of Extra-Cellular Fluid (ECF) Volume Status
Timeframe: At hospital ward admission