Perceptual Abnormalities and Their Malleability in BDD

Inclusion Criteria: Body dysmorphic disorder: Inclusion: * males or females * ages 18-40 * meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder * have a Body Dysmorphic Disorder version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (BDD-YBOCS) score of ≥20 * primary appearance concerns of the face or head area * medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment Inclusion Criteria: Subclinical body dysmorphic disorder: Inclusion: * males or females * ages 18-40 * have a score on the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire of ≥8 \[1 standard deviation (STD) above population norms\] - primary appearance concerns of the face or head area * medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment Inclusion Criteria: Healthy controls: Inclusion * Healthy males and females from any racial or ethnic background - ages 18-40 * have a score on the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire of \<8 Exclusion Criteria: Body dysmorphic disorder: Exclusion * concurrent major Axis I disorders including substance use disorders, aside from anxiety disorders or depressive disorders, as these comorbidities are very common and the sample would otherwise be non-representative; however BDD must be the primary diagnosis. * lifetime: bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder. * psychotropic medications, aside from a short half-life sedative/hypnotic for insomnia, or a short half-life benzodiazepine as needed for anxiety …