Soft Tissue Changes Around Dental Implants

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 20 and 80 years. * Good medical and psychological health. * Absence of untreated caries lesions and untreated/uncontrolled periodontal disease. If patients require periodontal treatment (non-surgical and/or surgical), this has to be arranged outside the study protocol and completed at least 30 days prior to the enrolment. * Need of a single-tooth replacement in the aesthetic (incisor, canine or premolar) region. * Presence of adequate bone for implant placement without need for significant bone regeneration. In particular, the patients should have a bucco-palatal residual alveolar width of at least 6 mm at the central and crestal aspect of the single tooth gap to ensure complete embedding of an implant by bone (De Bruyckere et al., 2018). * A residual alveolar height \>8 mm, enough inter-arch space for a crown and a minimum distance of 6 mm from the adjacent teeth. * The width and height will be confirmed after x-ray examination in Visit 1 (or extra visit). Cases of small apical fenestration (≤ 25% of implant length) after implant placement will not be excluded, but will be treated according to the GBR principle (collagen membrane associated with a deproteinized bovine bone graft) to re-establish the bone contour and without over contouring. * At least 8 weeks of post-extraction socket healing had occurred in the edentulous site. * Willingness to sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Self-reported pregnancy and lactation. *…