120 patients will be included and divided into two groups; Control group that will include 60 healthy pregnant women and Study group that will include 60 pregestational diabetic pregnant patients which furtherly will be subdivided into two groups according to HbA1C levels namely; controlled diabetics ( will include 30 diabetic pregnant women with controlled DM - HbA1C \< 6.5 %) and uncontrolled diabetics (will include 30 diabetic pregnant women with uncontrolled DM - HbA1C ≥ 6.5 %). Umbilical and middle cerebral arteries Doppler indices (resistance index and pulsatility index) and Cerebroplacental Doppler ratio will be measured for every patient. The recorded neonatal outcomes will include neonatal birth weight, neonatal blood sugar, Apgar score at 1 \& 5 min and neonatal intensive care unit admission.
Age range
18 Years – 40 Years
Sex
FEMALE
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The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
the diagnostic value of Umbilical artery Doppler indices [Resistance index (RI)& pulsatility index (PI)] in predicting the adverse neonatal outcome among diabetic patients.
Timeframe: 34 -37 weeks gestation (for DOPPLER) and at birth (for neonatal outcomes)