Idiopathic Scoliosis Progression and Sleep-disordered Breathing in Children

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis at their first clinic visit * Skeletally immature (Risser Sign 0-3) * Cobb angle between 11-40 degrees * Age between 6 and 15 * Patients can understand and complete the revised Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up visits * Patients with symptoms suspicious of SDB agree to undergo clinical evaluation and an overnight polysomnogram * Informed Consent Form signed by subject or the guardian Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with scoliosis other than idiopathic, or with other musculoskeletal or neurodevelopmental conditions that might be responsible for the scoliosis * History of previous spine surgery or spinal injury * Tumor or malignant tumor in the spine * Leg length discrepancy more than 20 mm * Previous diagnosis or treatment of SDB more than 6 months ago * Fail to fulfill the questionnaire or refuse to attend any further evaluation * Severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or significant hypoxemia requiring Continuous Positive Airway Pressure treatment * A guardian who cannot accompany the child on the night of PSG * Plans to relocate within the next 24 months