Postoperative pain after major surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), such as palatopharyngoplasty (PPP) and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is moderate-to-severe, and may persist for weeks. Control of this pain may be difficult, because OSA patients are very sensitive to traditional opioid pain medications, and their side effects. Poorly controlled pain slows down patients' recovery after surgery, including a return to normal daily activities and work, and may also delay wound healing. This study will investigate whether pain relief and recovery after surgery may be improved with the application of a weak electrical current to the skin of the patient's head (transcranial electrostimulation, TES). The TES works by blocking pain in the central nervous system through multiple mechanisms, which result in non-pharmacological pain relief, without drug-associated side effects.
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Opioid requirements during first postoperative TES session
Timeframe: Recorded during a 20 min TES session administered for first moderate-to-severe postoperative pain in the recovery room
Pain scores during first postoperative TES session
Timeframe: Recorded during a 20 min TES session administered for first moderate-to-severe postoperative pain in the recovery room
Postoperative opioid consumption during recovery room stay
Timeframe: Through the recovery room stay, on average 2.5 hours
Postoperative pain scores during recovery room stay
Timeframe: Through the recovery room stay, on average 2.5 hours