Contraceptive Hormones, Immunity, and Microbiome Evaluation

Inclusion Criteria: * Female sex, defined by sex at birth. * Age ≤ 45 years. If \< 18 years of age, participant must be capable of providing assent, understanding and complying with all study procedures, and have written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian. * Normal menses (occurring within 22-35 day intervals) for \> 2 cycles. Women who are postpartum or post-abortion who have resumed menses are eligible. * Intact uterus and cervix. * Interested in initiating HC and willing to accept DMPA, Eng-Implant or Lng-IUD. * Willing to delay initiation of HC for up to 1 month. * Able and willing to provide informed consent, and undergo study procedures. * Negative HIV test by Ora-Quick© method at Screening Visit. * Agree to abstain from vaginal intercourse or using intra-vaginal products for 1 day prior to each study visit. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next year. * Breastfeeding, if not having active menstrual cycles. Breastfeeding is not exclusionary if the participant is actively cycling. * History of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), conization, or cryosurgery within the past year. * Current use of systemic HC or IUD, based on self-report and/or hormonal testing. * Taking concurrent medications that interact with selected HC. * Contraindications to selected contraceptive per the Center for Disease Control medical eligibility criteria or judgment of clinician. * Allergy to lidocaine for cervical biopsies (if c…