The purpose of this study is to compare success rates of antegrade and retrograde intravenous (IV) catheters in their ability to aspirate 20 milliliter blood sample within a 2 minute time frame, 3 hours after initial insertion. Antegrade IV catheters are placed identically to conventional IV catheters, with the end of the catheter pointed toward the direction of blood flow to the heart. Retrograde catheters are placed "backwards" with the end of the catheter pointed away from the direction of venous blood flow. The hypothesis is that retrograde IVs will have a significantly higher success rate of blood draw at the 3 hour time mark without use of a proximal tourniquet.
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Ability to aspirate blood samples without tourniquet 3 hours after IV insertion
Timeframe: three hours after IV insertion