Studies have shown that patients with chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis have a low vitamin K status which is believed to be related to an increased risk of atherosclerosis and increased bleeding tendency. The underlying causes of low vitamin K status in hemodialysis patients is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate why hemodialysis patients have a low vitamin K status and how to improve it. This study is composed of five trials. Four of them are based on possible hypotheses to the low vitamin K status. The hypotheses are: 1. The daily intake of vitamin K is insufficient. 2. Vitamin K is removed from the blood during dialysis. 3. Absorption in the intestines is impaired. 4. The analysis method (dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP) is influenced by the patients' protein intake. The purpose of the fifth trial is to investigate solutions to improve the vitamin K status of hemodialysis. One is to improve vitamin K status through diet with an increased focus on foods with high concentrations of vitamin K while considering phosphate, potassium and fluid restrictions. The second is to increase vitamin K status through a daily supplement of 360µg Menakinon-7.
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Δ-dp-uc-MGP (Sub-trial 5)
Timeframe: 15 weeks